Since the establishment of an equal employment policy for women in 1985, the employment rate of women has rapidly increased in Japan. Social support from family members has a strong impact on postpartum depression. Postpartum depression has been reported to occur due to biological, psychological and social problems. Recently, estimates of the prevalence of postpartum depression in Western countries have reportedly been in the range of 13–19%. In 1996, in the first meta-analysis of postpartum depression, the prevalence of postpartum depression was reported to be 13%. In 1987, Cox developed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and screening measures have since progressed rapidly. Epidemiological investigations have been conducted worldwide since then. In 1968, Pitt reported that the prevalence of postpartum depression was 11%. Perinatal depression, a mental illness that occurs either during pregnancy or within the first 12 months after delivery, affects the health and development of mothers and children. Hence, we suggest that healthcare professionals need to pay more attention to primiparas than multiparas regarding postpartum depression. In addition, we found that the prevalence of postpartum depression in primiparas was higher than that in multiparas. During pregnancy, the prevalence of depression increases as childbirth approaches, and the prevalence of depression was found to decrease in the postpartum period over time. The prevalence of postpartum depression at 1 month after childbirth was found to be 14.3% among Japanese women. We also identified that compared with multiparas, primiparas was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of postpartum depression the adjusted relative risk was 1.76. The period prevalence of postpartum depression was 15.1% within the first month, 11.6% in 1–3 months, 11.5% in 3–6 months and 11.5% in 6–12 months after birth. The period prevalence of depression at pregnancy was 14.0% in the second trimester and 16.3% in the third trimester. The point prevalence of postpartum depression at 1 month was 14.3% incorporating 108,431 Japanese women. We reviewed 1317 abstracts, retrieved 301 articles and included 123 studies. Data were extracted from published reports. We searched two databases, PubMed and ICHUSHI, to identify studies published from January 1994 to December 2017 with data on the prevalence of antenatal or postnatal depression. The purpose of our study is to reveal the reliable estimates about the prevalence of perinatal depression among Japanese women. However, not enough reviews have been done, and a certain consensus has not been obtained about the prevalence of perinatal depression among Japanese women. Rurouni Kenshin: Meiji Kenkaku Romantan tells the story of Kenshin as he strives to save those in need of saving.Perinatal depression is one of the important mental illnesses among women. After receiving help from Kenshin, Kaoru allows him to stay at the dojo, and so the former assassin temporarily ceases his travels. One day, he stumbles across Kaoru Kamiya at her kendo dojo, which is being threatened by an impostor claiming to be Battousai. Vowing never to kill again, Kenshin dedicates himself to protecting the weak. Unbeknownst to them, Battousai has abandoned his bloodstained lifestyle in an effort to repent for his sins, now living as Kenshin Himura, a wandering swordsman with a cheerful attitude and a strong will.

It has been ten peaceful years since then, but the very mention of Battousai still strikes terror into the hearts of war veterans. Feared as a merciless killer, he was unmatched throughout the country, but mysteriously disappeared at the peak of the Japanese Revolution. In the final years of the Bakumatsu era lived a legendary assassin known as Hitokiri Battousai.

Kokono vs kenshin meada